PROCEDURES FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION

The construction of a new road either asphalt or cement requires the production of an excellent pavement structure starting with a stable base layer and all the way with a level surface with precision. Hot-mix asphalt has to be of the best quality with superior grip strength, which directly impacts pavement performance over its useful life.
 
The base layer of a road lay the foundation of the structure of the upper deck. It must offer excellent loading capacity, so that it is able to withstand a wide range of different climatic conditions, and remain functional for several decades. The base layer serves as a base for paving. Depending on the expected wear, the road comprises several layers of different thickness in order to withstand the most diverse climatic conditions and remain useful for many decades. In the choice of the tread layer depends on the functional requirements of the road surface. This could be high durability, noise reduction, splash and spray reduction, high slip resistance, impermeability, etc.

The intermediate layers are designed to withstand the highest shear pressures occurring around 50-70mm below the surface of the asphalt. Thus, the bonding layer is placed between the tread layer and the base layer to reduce groove formation by the combination of stability and durability qualities. Stability can be achieved by sufficient stone-in-stone contact and rigid and / or modified binders. In the base layer it is perhaps the most important structural layer of the sidewalk, which is intended to effectively distribute the traffic and environmental load in such a way that the underlying non-attached layers are not exposed to excessive pressures and deformations. This often involves comparatively high stiffness of the base layer.

Workers place blue stakes every 100 feet and begin ground removal work to adjust the terrain elevation to previously traced landmarks. With the marks on the surface, the contractors give the final modifications to the land of the highway. Then workers begin to put a densely packaged aggregate or a rocky substance into the ground soil as a base, followed by asphalt and other surface materials.

Maintenance
Over time, the new road will experience damage due to weather and use. Pavement damage will occur due to frozen water, invasive plants, snow chains and more. Sometimes existing roads need expansion in order to support an increase in traffic. Roads need resurfacing, be repainted and more to be in operation.

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